cellular recycling process ...
The experts also note that autophagy takes place when energy gets depleted or during hunger.
The researchers have discovered that a family of proteins called WIPI proteins facilitate autophagy by serving as scaffolds that connect the signal-directed initiation of the process with the subsequent metabolism of cellular material.
The experts report in the journal Nature Communications that one form of WIPI protein called WIPI4 protein signals the cells to regulate the extent of the breakdown process when energy begins to deplete. The process is started by the WIPI1 and WIPI2 proteins, and is subsequently continued by the WIPI3 and WIPI4 proteins.
The scientists have also inferred that the WIPI3 protein serves as an additional lysosome regulator, which then prevents the anabolic pathways of the cell when autophagy occurs. According to the experts, the four WIPI proteins act as platforms for multiple protein to protein and protein to lipid interactions. The research team notes that their results may help the scientific community better understand faulty autophagy mechanisms that lead to age-related diseases.
Likewise, the experts stress that the findings may have potential implications in developing new treatment plans for various diseases. (Related: Kamikaze immune cells: Bacteria infected cells die off quickly to sound the back-up alarm against stealthy invaders.)
Autophagy declines over time, animal study finds
An animal study published in the eLife journal has revealed that autophagy may show a significant decline as the body ages. A team of researchers at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in California examined tiny roundworms called C. elegans to carry out the study.
The scientists counted the numbers of autophagosomes (AP) and autolysosomes (ALS) in different body tissues of the animal including intestine, muscle, pharynx and neurons. The APs were also measured at different time points of the animal’s life cycle.
The experts used chemical blockers in order to better understand the process.
“We found that there is indeed an age-dependent decline in autophagy over time in all tissues examined. We further provide evidence that the increase in APs results from an impairment at a step after APs are made. So basically the autophagy recycling process becomes incomplete with age by stopping somewhere after APs are formed.
This research is important because it helps provide time- and site-of-action information for potential future interventions directed at sustaining autophagy to extend lifespan.
Our next step will be to perform biochemical research to further pinpoint exactly how autophagy fails to complete its cycle, possibly providing targets to develop specific interventions,” researcher Malene Hansen tells Science Daily online.
“Exposing how autophagy becomes faulty with age may reveal opportunities for us to therapeutically intervene and correct the process to promote health aging…Our goal is to find links between autophagy and age-related diseases. By identifying distinct points in the process that fail, we hope to find ways to correct the defects and find ways to help people live longer, healthier lives,” Hansen concludes.
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PEMFs have been used extensively for decades for many conditions and medical disciplines, and results can be seen in animals as well as humans. The National Institutes of Health have made PEMFs a priority for research. In fact, many PEMF devices have already been approved by the FDA, some specifically to fuse broken bones, wound healing, pain and tissue swelling, and treat depression. Most therapeutic PEMF devices are considered safe by various standards and organizations.
WHAT ARE PEMFS AND HOW DO THEY WORK?
Science teaches us that everything is energy. Energy is always dynamic and, therefore, has a frequency; it changes by the second or minute, for example, at the very least.
All energy is electromagnetic in nature. All atoms, chemicals and cells produce electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Every organ in thebody produces it own signature bioelectromagnetic field. Science has proven that our bodies actually project their own magnetic fields and that all 70 trillion cells in the body communicate via electromagnetic frequencies. Nothing happens in the body without an electromagnetic exchange. When the electromagnetic activity of the body ceases, life ceases.
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